The Verbiest and Aleni research file contains 39 records across 23 named holding institutions or catalogue providers, checked on 6 November 2026. It distinguishes physical maps, complementary sheets, book maps, printing blocks, and a photographic facsimile. Six records have retrieved IIIF manifests. Eight direct image URLs returned HTTP 200 with an image/jpeg content type during small streamed checks. No full-resolution map files were downloaded.

This is a documented research inventory, not a claim that every surviving copy has been found. A failed request is recorded as a retrieval failure, never as proof that images do not exist. The row count is not a census of independent complete maps: the file includes incomplete exemplars, a provisional grouping of complementary sheets, contextual objects, and a book whose map presence is still unconfirmed.

`sources.json` is a JSON array. Each row includes the requested title, creator, dates, institution, shelfmark, source record, manifest, image service, image/thumbnail URL, rights, evidence, access status, relations, uncertainty, and source URLs. Additional fields identify `entityType`, `recordKind`, grouped component identifiers, source publication statements, and image-page representations. `copyDate` stays null when only a work date or edition date is known. BnF structured records are preserved in the SRU XML and normalized JSON files. Actual manifests are retained as JSON, rather than reconstructed from URL templates.

The core Verbiest holdings and variants are:

| Institution | Verified record(s) | Image access and distinctions |
|---|---|---|
| Bibliothèque nationale de France | Nine separate records: GE C-5358 (RES), CHINOIS-1923, GE A-1027 (RES), GE B-1275 (RES), GE C-5803 (1-2), CHINOIS-1914, CHINOIS-1915, CHINOIS-9231, FOL-SG AA-174 (RES) | Public SRU metadata retrieved. Six records link digital objects, but Gallica retrieval returned 403. No unverified manifest URL is inserted. The reduced horizontal GE C-5358 and vertically arranged CHINOIS 1923 are retained as variants. |
| Library of Congress | [gm71002352](https://www.loc.gov/item/gm71002352/) | Institutional digitized record indexed; direct item, JSON, and manifest attempts returned 403. No shelfmark or image identifier is guessed. |
| Clements Library, University of Michigan | [1674 map catalogue](https://search.lib.umich.edu/catalog/record/99187678305806381), separately described 1930s reprint | The [library essay](https://clements.umich.edu/verbiest-map-part-two/) documents both objects. Full images of the 1674 map are available on request; the advertised Drive file for the 1930s copy returned 401. |
| Macalester College | [MCC-016](https://macalester.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/46) | Retrieved [IIIF manifest](https://cdm16903.contentdm.oclc.org/iiif/p16903coll8:16/manifest.json), assembled map 7558×3000. Collection API identifies the assembled map and eight panel representations. The eight panels are not extra copies. |
| Osher Map Library | [13106 / image13106.0001](https://oshermaps.org/browse-maps?id=111689) | Institutional description dates the Seoul edition to 1860 and notes both text side scrolls. Direct retrieval blocked; public digital-image availability remains documented, not declared absent. |
| Seoul National University Library | [貴軸4709 88c](https://rarebook.snu.ac.kr/advance-search/detail/?cid=1447495&lang=en&mmsid=99177154202591) | Public [IIIF3 manifest](https://snu.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/iiif/presentation/82SNU_INST/12958114780002591/manifest?iiifVersion=3) retrieved, nine canvases; eight catalogue barcodes are components of one map. |
| Kyujanggak, Seoul National University | [假24](https://kyudb.snu.ac.kr/book/view.do?book_cd=GF00024_00&mid=HEJ&target=master) | Three surviving 1860 printing blocks, fourth missing. Context object, not another printed copy. Direct image retrieval reset. |
| Korea University Library | [465028446](https://library.korea.ac.kr/oldmap/?id=465028446&num=00000001&mode=list), [465028447](https://library.korea.ac.kr/oldmap/?id=465028447&num=00000001&mode=list) | Complementary hemispheres grouped in one provisional row, with both record IDs/URLs and thumbnails. Their original physical pairing is not established from the current public description. |
| National Museum of Korea | [접수512](https://www.museum.go.kr/MUSEUM/contents/M0502000000.do?relicId=8516&schM=view&searchId=search) | Five public raster views; Korea Open Government Licence Type 1. The current museum record gives Joseon, not 1856. The 1856 interpretation comes from the Clements essay and remains labelled as such. |
| The Hunterian, University of Glasgow | [GLAHM E.289 in institutional publication](https://universityofglasgowlibrary.wordpress.com/2012/10/09/chinese-visit-from-sun-yat-sen-university/) | Institutional photo verified. Complete component accession sequence and actual impression date still need the current museum object catalogue. |
| National Library of Australia | MAP RM 3499/1-2 in [NLA exhibition checklist](https://www.nla.gov.au/sites/default/files/xanaduencounterswithchina.pdf) | Catalogue describes hand-painted woodblock prints on silk, two scrolls, ca.1674. Older references calling it a manuscript are not silently adopted. Digital item ID remains unresolved. |
| National Palace Museum, Taipei | 平圖020786–020793, one eight-part map | Official [exhibition page](https://theme.npm.edu.tw/exh110/npmTainan/en/page-2.html) plus government union-catalogue metadata; individual image service unresolved. Eight identifiers are not eight maps. |
| Kobe City Museum | [365281](https://www.kobecitymuseum.jp/collection/detail?heritage=365281) | [Government object record and photo](https://online.bunka.go.jp/heritages/detail/401561),1674, eight hand-coloured scrolls; Nanba Matsutarō collection transferred 1983. |
| Kyushu National Museum | [A1](https://colbase.nich.go.jp/collection_items/kyuhaku/A1?locale=ja) | [Government object record and photo](https://online.bunka.go.jp/heritages/detail/582103); six sheets, both text side panels missing. |
| Kuboso Memorial Museum, Izumi | [0011523000](https://www.ikm-art.jp/degitalmuseum/num/001/0011523000.html) | Public image, two-sheet 1860 Korean edition. |
| National Diet Library | [特2-1197 / YD-古-4946](https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000007547602) |1860 printed sheet and microform substitute; no online image link in the retrieved record. |
| Meiji University Library | Ashida catalogue entry 01-3 | [Institutional catalogue excerpt](https://www.lib.meiji.ac.jp/ashida/catlg/sample/sample1.pdf), printed p129: October 1931 impression, six central sheets from 1860 blocks. Catalogue entry number is not substituted for a shelfmark. |
| Het Scheepvaartmuseum | Complete copy asserted in [institutional fellowship page](https://www.hetscheepvaartmuseum.nl/collectie/onderzoek/fellowships/fellows-22-23) | Individual object number, printing date, and image source remain unresolved. |
| Academia Sinica CCTS catalogue | [0013](https://ccts.sinica.edu.tw/catalog/detail.php?num=0013) |1925 photographic album made at Tianjin Gongshang University from its 1674 copy; two hemisphere photographs and 36 enlarged details. Current custodian of the original not established. Context record only. |

BnF's GE C-5803 record needs particular care. Its publication statement uses 1860, but its notes explicitly mention Japanese printing in 1933 and the Seoul-Keijo blocks; it also records Nakamura's1934 donation. The two component dimensions are those of hemispheres. This evidence does not justify two complete-map entries or an exact 1860 date for the surviving impression. BnF GE B-1275 is an incomplete western hemisphere, acquired from Marcel in 1845. CHINOIS 1914 has a1763 Jesuit acquisition inscription. CHINOIS 9231 has a Bréquigny provenance and one missing sheet.

The Aleni records are:

| Institution | Verified record(s) | Image access and distinctions |
|---|---|---|
| Kobe City Museum | [Wanguo quantu367509](https://www.kobecitymuseum.jp/collection/detail?heritage=367509) | [Government object record/photo](https://online.bunka.go.jp/heritages/detail/457519),97×49 cm, early 17 th century, Nanba collection. An exact 1623 printing date is not supplied by the institution. |
| Vatican Library | [Barb.or.151.pt.1, map at0005](https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Barb.or.151.pt.1/0005) | Retrieved manifest; range(1)a and canvasesp 0005–p0006 identify the two-part sheet. The collection-level sixteenth–eighteenth-century date is not used as the map's date. |
| Vatican Library | [Barb.or.151.pt.2](https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Barb.or.151.pt.2) | Retrieved manifest, four canvases; institutional approximate date ca.1648; three-part sheet with polar maps. |
| Vatican Library | [Borg.cin.512](https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Borg.cin.512) | Retrieved manifest,180 canvases. World map visually verified on 36–37; polar maps on 38–39. The sparse public metadata supplies no specific edition date. |
| Ryukoku University Library | [490.9-22-W-3](https://da.library.ryukoku.ac.jp/page/170147) | Three volume manifests retrieved. Undated manuscript; Europe, Africa, Americas visually verified on first-volume canvases 3–7. The manuscript is not described as a complete six-map printed atlas. |
| Library of Congress | [2012402472](https://www.loc.gov/item/2012402472/) | Public six-juan Fujian printed-book record and resource links indexed; direct retrieval 403. Dates follow the institutional 1623 statement. No image identifiers guessed. |
| National Archives of Japan | [292-0171 /3602548](https://www.digital.archives.go.jp/file/3602548) | Two volume records retrieved; six juan, Hayashi provenance, Tianxue chuhan fragment. Catalogue says Tianqi 6 [1626]. The familiar 1628 compilation date is not substituted. |
| BnF | [CHINOIS1519](https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb44579782m)–[1520](https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb44579783z) | Two physical volumes grouped as one book set. Structured catalogue dates Fujian publication to 1623. Gallica source returned 403; current map-page inventory not visually checked. |
| BnF | [CHINOIS1521](https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb445797849) | Separately catalogued six-juan book,1623, illustrated. Map presence unconfirmed; excluded from the physical-map-copy counter. |
| Waseda University | [文庫08 C0488](https://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kotenseki/html/bunko08/bunko08_c0488/index.html) | Institutional search metadata confirms an undated five-juan printed copy. Item/archive requests 503. The five-map inventory is a first-hand scholarly identification, not a currently inspected image response. |

Vatican images are explicitly limited to free personal/study use; online or printed publication requires rights permission. Ryukoku's [secondary-use policy](https://da.library.ryukoku.ac.jp/support2.html) explicitly requires prior application for image/data reuse. These four records are marked `publicDisplayMode: external-link-only` and `rightsVerification: explicit-restriction`. Their image services remain in research metadata for scholarly access, but their images must not be bundled as public site assets. The small research contact sheet is internal visual-verification material, not a licensed asset. Other museums' public availability is not treated as an open reuse licence. National Museum of Korea's specific Type 1 attribution permission is recorded separately.

The following searches and exclusions define the current gaps:

- BnF public SRU was queried for both romanized titles. It returned additional unrelated maps, including Sambiasi's ca.1648 Kunyu quantu, GE AA-2565, which is not assigned to Verbiest. Verbiest's CHINOIS 1923 map is distinct from the prose book commonly called Kunyu tushuo.
- National Library of China's Tianxue chuhan record [fid411999011140](http://read.nlc.cn/allSearch/searchDetail?searchType=10024&showType=1&indexName=data_892&fid=411999011140) is a serious Aleni image lead. Direct access returned 403. A second reported Fujian book, [fid411999026205](http://read.nlc.cn/allSearch/searchDetail?searchType=10024&showType=1&indexName=data_892&fid=411999026205), reportedly lacks maps. Neither is promoted to a verified map-image entry here.
- Fu Ssu-nien Library's official digitization lists confirm three Zhifang waiji holdings and two Kunyu tushuo catalogue entries. The [page13 list](https://dap.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/en/digitization/26/?page=13) identifies a1623 manuscript and an undated printed copy; [page6](https://dap.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/en/digitization/26/?page=6) identifies manuscript barcode 174555. Public item images were not resolved; cited scholarship describes the relevant book database as onsite. A Kunyu tushuo entry is labelled Ming despite Verbiest's chronology, so that date requires catalogue correction or clarification before reuse.
- Waseda manuscripts [ル02 01068](https://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kotenseki/html/ru02/ru02_01068/index.html) and [文庫08 B0138](https://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kotenseki/html/bunko08/bunko08_b0138/index.html) are verified institutional search records, the latter dated 1796. Their map content is not verified and they are excluded from the map table. Other reported Waseda manuscripts remain leads.
- Meiji's [1774 Nagakubo Sekisui manuscript](https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000150-ILI00000001) has a retrieved public IIIF manifest, but the catalogue explicitly says the original maps are not bound in it. It is excluded from map holdings. The actual manifest is retained to document that exclusion.
- Kyoto's [RB00022879](https://rmda.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/item/rb00022879) is an anonymous nineteenth-century Japanese oval map. Its identical title alone does not establish Verbiest authorship, so it is excluded. First-hand research reports Zhifang waiji at Kyoto F1-77 without maps and 2B-43 with maps; current institutional records were not located in this bounded search.
- The standalone Aleni sheets at Biblioteca Nazionale Braidense, AB XV 34, and Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana, S.P.II.308, remain important gaps. Their forms and shelfmarks are documented in [Cams and Papelitzky's first-hand study](https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/giulio-alenis-map-sheet-exploring-the-contents-and-materiality-of-the-only-known-mingera-print/548A7666EC85E1E9F020491514A54CA1), but no current institutional object record/IIIF was verified. They are not disguised as institutionally verified rows. That study also provides leads to Tōyō Bunko V-5-A-28, Rome Central Library 72-C494, Ryukoku 490.9-36-W-1, Nichibunken GA/74/Ga, and Tōhoku 3/8156/1. Map presence and public images should be checked at each institution.
- NCL Taiwan's apparently separate Verbiest hit proved to be a union-catalogue description of BnF FRBNF 40733999. It is excluded as a duplicate, not counted as an NCL holding.
- Public catalogue/domain searches also targeted the British Library, Bodleian, Leiden, Berlin Staatsbibliothek, Stanford, Harvard, and Princeton. They did not produce a verified additional item within this run. This is a search limitation, not a negative holdings assertion. British Library/Phillipps and Royal Geographical Society copies are mentioned in institutional or scholarly descriptions and need direct current catalogue verification.
- The NLA checklist confirms its object, but the current catalogue search did not expose an individual digital item. The Tianjin original underlying the 1925 photo album, additional Korean 1860 impressions, and later 1931/1933 impressions require more copy-specific provenance work.

No auction listing, dealer description, Wikipedia assertion, guessed shelfmark, guessed IIIF identifier, or later facsimile is used as proof of an original institutional map copy. Work dates, edition dates, approximate copy dates, source metadata conflicts, and retrieval failures are kept distinct.